Thyroid Eye Disease (TED)
What is Thyroid Eye Disease (TED)?
Thyroid Eye Disease (TED), also called Graves' orbitopathy or Graves' ophthalmopathy, is an autoimmune condition that affects the tissues surrounding the eyes. It is commonly associated with overactive thyroid function, particularly in people diagnosed with Graves’ disease.
Common symptoms
Symptoms of TED can vary from mild to severe and typically include:
- Bulging or protruding eyes (proptosis)
- Swollen or red eyelids
- Gritty or dry eyes
- Watery eyes (Epiphora)
- Double vision or blurred vision
- Difficulty moving the eyes
- Sensitivity to light (Photophobia)
- Pain or pressure around the eyes
Phases of TED
TED typically progresses through two phases:
Active (Inflammatory) phase
Lasting from 6 months to 2 years, this stage involves active inflammation with worsening symptoms such as redness, swelling, and double vision.
Diagnosis & eye test
Diagnosis usually begins with blood tests to check thyroid hormone levels and autoimmune markers. If TED is suspected, further assessments may include:
- Clinical eye examination to evaluate swelling and eye movement
- Optical imaging scans such as CT or MRI to detect inflammation behind the eye
- Visual acuity and field tests to assess optic nerve function
- Slit-lamp examination to check the front of the eye
Early diagnosis allows for better management and reduces the risk of long-term complications.
Treatments
Managing thyroid function with appropriate medications or surgery (e.g. thyroidectomy) is essential for controlling TED progression. Management of TED depends on the phase and severity of the condition. Treatment is often collaborative between an ophthalmologist and an endocrinologist.
Mild Thyroid Eye Disease
- Lubricating eye drops to relieve dryness
- Cold compresses to reduce puffiness
- Wearing sunglasses to manage light sensitivity
- Selenium supplements for potential anti-inflammatory effects
Preventing TED from progressing
Early intervention and compliance with treatment can help preserve eye health and vision. While TED itself may not be preventable, certain actions can reduce its severity and risk of complications:
Stop Smoking
Manage Thyroid Disorders
Avoid Radioiodine Therapy
Use Eye Protection
Preventing TED from progressing
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Our team of board-certified ophthalmologists and licensed optometrists brings together decades of specialized training and experience. Each doctor has completed additional fellowship training in subspecialty areas, ensuring you receive the most advanced care available.
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If you have been diagnosed with a thyroid condition or are experiencing symptoms such as bulging eyes, dryness, or vision changes, don’t wait. Early management can make a lasting difference. At Eagle Eye Centre, we are committed to delivering holistic and patient-centred care using the latest technology and medical expertise.